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A Change in Drug Regimen is Associated with Temporary Increases in Dormant HIV

Switching to an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen containing the drug dolutegravir was associated with a significant temporary increase in reservoirs of latent HIV, according to a new analysis from a study in Uganda. HIV reservoirs are cells where HIV lies dormant and cannot be reached by the immune system or ART. They are central to HIV’s persistence, preventing current treatments from clearing the virus from the body.

HIV Treatment Research and Key Takeaways: Dr. Dieffenbach’s Final Update from CROI 2024 (VIDEO)

On March 6 as the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) was winding down, HIV.gov spoke with Carl Dieffenbach, Ph.D., director of NIAID's Division of AIDS, about highlights of long-acting HIV treatment research discussed at the conference. He spoke with Brian Minalga, M.S.W., deputy director of the NIH-supported Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination. Watch their conversation.

Promising Outcomes with HIV Treatment Started Promptly After Birth: Deborah Persaud Presents at CROI 2024 (VIDEO)

On the final day of the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), HIV.gov spoke with Deborah Persaud, M.D., professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Johns Hopkins Children's Center, who reported findings from a study about whether very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may limit the establishment of HIV reservoirs in newborns, potentially enabling ART-free remission. Dr. Persaud spoke with Catey Laube of NIAID's Office of Communications and Government Relations. Watch their conversation.

Addressing Liver and Cardiovascular Disease among People with HIV and HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: Dr. Dieffenbach’s Second Update from CROI 2024 (VIDEO)

On Tuesday at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), HIV.gov spoke with Carl Dieffenbach, Ph.D., director of NIAID’s Division of AIDS, about research on common health complications of HIV and the safety of an HIV prevention tool during pregnancy. He spoke with Miss Molly Moon, M.S.W., Deputy Director of the NIH-supported Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination. Watch their conversation.

Doxy-PEP, HIV Vaccines and Community-Engaged Research: Discussions with Carl Dieffenbach and LaRon Nelson at CROI 2024 (VIDEO)

During the first full day of presentations at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, HIV.gov spoke with Carl Dieffenbach, Ph.D., director of NIAID’s Division of AIDS, and LaRon Nelson, Ph.D., R.N., F.N.P., F.N.A.P., F.N.Y.A.M., F.A.A., professor and associate dean at the Yale School of Nursing. They discussed Doxy-PEP for STI prevention, HIV vaccines, community engagement in research, and more. Watch their discussions.

NIAID’s Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo Previews CROI 2024 (VIDEO)

HIV.gov opened their coverage of the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) today with a conversation with NIAID Director Jeanne Marrazzo, M.D., M.P.H. She spoke with Miguel Gomez, director of HIV.gov about what she’s looking forward to hearing about at the conference, how the studies presented at research conferences ultimately get translated into clinical practice or HIV prevention or treatment services, and the important roles of early-career investigators. Watch their conversation with Dr. Marrazzo.

Toward a Deeper Understanding of Effective Oral HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use in Cisgender Women

Pivotal studies supported by NIAID demonstrated that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces an individual’s likelihood of acquiring HIV through sex by up to 99% when taken as prescribed. Research has revealed important differences in individual and population-group preferences in oral PrEP use, particularly that cisgender women participating in studies often did not take oral PrEP as prescribed—and the intervention’s effectiveness declined when doses were taken less frequently. Jeanne Marrazzo, M.D., M.P.H. and colleagues conducted a pooled analysis of data from post-marketing demonstration projects to to characterize the relationship between oral PrEP use and its efficacy among cisgender women.

New Guidelines for Use of Statins by People with HIV to Prevent Cardiovascular Events

The Department of Health and Human Services Guidelines Panel for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV (the Panel) has developed recommendations for the use of statin therapy in people with HIV, in collaboration with representatives from the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the HIV Medicine Association.

Novel CMV Vaccine Generates Stronger Response in Key Immune Cells Than Previous Candidate

A messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine designed to prevent human cytomegalovirus (CMV) elicited long-lasting CMV-specific responses from several types of immune cells, outperforming a previous vaccine concept in multiple measures in a NIAID-supported laboratory study. The findings were published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Scientists Discuss Prototype Pathogens for Pandemic Preparedness

A special Oct. 19 supplement to the Journal of Infectious Diseases contains nine articles intended as a summary of a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)-hosted pandemic preparedness workshop that featured scientific experts on viral families of pandemic concern.

The STOMP trial evaluates an antiviral for mpox

NIAID launched the STOMP trial to determine whether the antiviral drug tecovirimat can safely and effectively treat mpox. Watch Dr. Cyrus Javan of NIAID's Division of AIDS explain the importance of the STOMP trial.

Building a Better Malaria Vaccine—NIAID Researchers Design a Paradigm-Busting Candidate

NIAID researchers used structural information about two malaria parasite proteins along with mechanistic information about the interaction between them to design and build an entirely novel candidate vaccine. When tested in rats, their “structure-based design 1” (SBD1) immunogen vaccine performed better than other experimental malaria vaccines. It also upends the conventional wisdom that successful vaccines must elicit receptor-blocking antibodies.

HPAI Influenza Devastating Birds, Marine Mammals in Peru--Study Identifies Concerning Viral Mutations

NIAID-funded researchers working in Peru have signaled concern about the deaths of birds and marine mammals from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) that has been spreading globally.

Promising Experimental Vaccine for Tick-borne Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus

With ticks expanding their territories in many parts of the world, a NIAID research group has likewise expanded its promising vaccine research to two typically rare pathogens with potential for public health importance -- Kyasanur Forest disease and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever.

World Mosquito Day 2023—How Mathematical Modeling Reveals the Link Between Climate Change and Mosquito-Borne Diseases

As global temperatures rise, it has become more urgent to understand the interactions between climate, mosquitoes, and the pathogens mosquitoes transmit to humans. NIAID Now spoke to Luis Chaves, Ph.D., a 2023 Scholar with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Climate Change and Health Initiative, about his work about the impacts of environmental change on the ecology of insect vectors and the diseases they transmit.

Relation of Parasitic Worm Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Explored

NIAID researchers used mice to investigate a possible relationship between parasitic worm infection and resistance to severe COVID-19.

NIAID’s VRC, S. Africa’s Afrigen Kick Off Vaccine-Sharing Efforts

A team of vaccine production experts from South Africa recently finished training with NIAID Vaccine Research Center scientists. Their objective: to globally produce vaccines against a list of troubling infectious diseases.

Hepatitis B and C—A Closer Look at NIAID Research to Accelerate Elimination

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease caused by infection with any of the known hepatitis viruses—A, B, C, D, and E. Most of the global viral hepatitis burden is from hepatitis B and C, which affect 354 million people and result in 1.1 million deaths annually. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that in 2020 there were 14,000 and 50,300 new acute infections of...

Final IAS 2023 Conversations—HIV & STI Prevention, Stigma, and U=U

As the International AIDS Society’s 12th Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2023) conference drew to a close on Wednesday, HIV.gov continued our conversations about the latest research being presented, with updates on post-exposure prophylaxis for STIs (Doxy-PEP), implementation of HIV PrEP, and the effectiveness of U=U.

IAS 2023—HIV Vaccines, bNAbs, and an Update from NIH’s Office of AIDS Research

This blog is cross-posted from HIV.gov. 

On Tuesday at the International AIDS Society’s 12th Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2023), HIV.gov continued our conversations about research highlights, including a focus on the latest about HIV vaccines. We also heard an update from the NIH Office of AIDS Research.

NIH’s Carl Dieffenbach, Ph.D., Director of the Division of AIDS at the National Institute...

Conversations at the Opening of IAS 2023

The International AIDS Society’s 12th Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2023) opened Sunday, with thousands of scientists, policy leaders, and advocates gathered to present and discuss the latest advances in HIV research. HIV.gov’s coverage of the conference began with two video conversations looking ahead to the exciting research that will be presented.

IAS Conference Highlights—Heart Disease Prevention for People with HIV, Long-acting HIV Prevention and Treatment

During the first full day of sessions at the International AIDS Society’s 12th Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2023), HIV.gov shared conversations on important study findings about reducing cardiovascular disease among people with HIV and the latest developments with long-acting prevention and treatment options that could one day become safe and effective alternatives to daily oral pills.

Baseline results reveal women at increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2 may have both immediate and long-term symptoms associated with infection. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7.5% of U.S. adults develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. PASC is characterized by varying symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, heart palpitations or chest pain, brain fog, insomnia, dizziness...

Study Links Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) affect people all around the world and contribute greatly to morbidity, especially for females. In the United States, over one million women seek medical care for rUTIs each year, which are most commonly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and treated with antibiotics.  While history of a prior UTI is a significant risk factor, other drivers...

A Secret to Health and Long Life? Immune Resilience, NIAID Grantees Report

Do you know some people who almost never get sick and bounce back quickly when they do, while other people frequently suffer from one illness or another? NIAID-supported researchers have pinpointed an attribute of the immune system called immune resilience that helps explain why some people live longer and healthier lives than others.

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