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Complications arise when the immune system does not function properly. Some issues are less pervasive, such as pollen allergy, while others are extensive, such as genetic disorders that wipe out the presence or function of an entire set of immune cells.

Last Reviewed: January 17, 2014

Last Reviewed: March 31, 2025

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Sample application from Emily Troemel, Ph.D., for NIH standard independent research project grant (R01).

Last Reviewed: October 11, 2024

Michail Lionakis, M.D., Sc.D., is Chief of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Chief of the Fungal Pathogenesis Section. The section's research focuses on 1) cellular and molecular factors that regulate the immune response against mucosal and invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis in clinically relevant animal models and 2) better understanding the genetic and immune defects that underlie enhanced susceptibility to mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections in humans.

Last Reviewed: February 18, 2025

Sample application from David Al-Adra MD, Ph.D., for NIH standard independent research project grant (K08).

Last Reviewed: September 13, 2024

Sample application from Mengxi Jiang, Ph.D., for NIH standard independent research project grant (R01).

Last Reviewed: November 29, 2022

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

In July, NIAID hosted a workshop of technology developers, immunologists, maternal health researchers and clinicians to explore the importance and challenges of measuring, predicting and improving reproductive health in the context of maternal and fetal immune systems.

Published: October 25, 2023

Opportunistic fungal infections represent major causes of morbidity and mortality despite the administration of antifungal therapy. A better mechanistic understanding of host-fungal interactions will inform the development of improved immune-based strategies for the prevention, risk stratification, prognostication, vaccination, and treatment of vulnerable patient populations. In the Fungal

Last Reviewed: February 18, 2025

Mosquitoes are considered one of the most dangerous animals on earth because of their broad distribution and the many pathogens they transmit to humans. Dr. Patricia Scaraffia, Associate Professor at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, has dedicated her career to understanding the metabolism of the mosquito species that carries the pathogens responsible for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever to humans. NIAID reached out to Dr. Scaraffia about her team’s research.

Published: August 20, 2024

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2024

Get to know NIAID postdoc Julia Port, Ph.D. and read about this intramural research fellow���s recent Nature Communications research paper in this second article in our ���Rising Research��� series.

Published: September 21, 2021

Niki M. Moutsopoulos, D.D.S., Ph.D., is Chief of the Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome and the Chief of the Human Barrier Immunity Section.

Last Reviewed: February 20, 2025

Sample grant summary statement from Mengxi Jiang, Ph.D., for NIH standard independent research project grant (R01).

Last Reviewed: January 25, 2023

Last Reviewed: November 14, 2024

Sample application from Yingru Liu, Ph.D., for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II grant (R44).

Last Reviewed: November 25, 2022

Information for researchers highlighting different strategies for maintaining funding from NIAID.

Last Reviewed: December 15, 2021

National Institutes of Health // Food and Drug Administration // Immunology Interest Group

Last Reviewed: March 29, 2023

Sample application from Benjamin Delbert Brooks, Ph.D., for Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant (R43).

Last Reviewed: November 25, 2022

Office of Research on Women���s Health and NIH Support for Research on Women���s Health Report of the Advisory Committee on Research on Women���s Health: Fiscal Years 2019���2020 508-compliant PDF

Last Reviewed: March 8, 2022