Rahul K. Suryawanshi, Ph.D.

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Neurovirology Unit
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Program Description

The Neurovirology Unit conducts research on the acute and long-term complications associated with human alphaherpesvirus infections and pulmonary infections caused by coronaviruses and influenza.

Using transgenic animal models and integrating approaches from molecular virology, neurobiology, and immunology, we investigate the mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis in the central nervous system, which particularly involves analyzing roles of immunomodulatory host factors to understand their roles in pathogenesis, neuroprotection, and potentiating antiviral immunity. While studying different aspects of antiviral immunity, we also focus on understanding the neurological regulation of antiviral immunity, neuroinflammation, and the long-term manifestations of viral infection, such as neurodegeneration and cognitive decline using machine learning-based behavioral approaches.

Additionally, the Neurovirology Unit explores the interactions between viral proteins, host factors, and immune responses that drive differential disease severity observed in humans, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. We are also committed to advancing human brain and lung organoid models to recapitulate disease phenotypes in humans and thereby enhance our understanding of viral disease mechanisms.

Selected Publications

Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Ma T, Syed AM, Brazer N, Saldhi P, Simoneau CR, Ciling A, Khalid MM, Sreekumar B, Chen PY, Kumar GR, Montano M, Gascon R, Tsou CL, Garcia-Knight MA, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Gliwa A, Nguyen J, Silva I, Milbes B, Kojima N, Hess V, Shacreaw M, Lopez L, Brobeck M, Turner F, Soveg FW, George AF, Fang X, Maishan M, Matthay M, Morris MK, Wadford D, Hanson C, Greene WC, Andino R, Spraggon L, Roan NR, Chiu CY, Doudna JA, Ott M. Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination. Nature. 2022 Jul;607(7918):351-355.

Ryu JK, Yan Z, Montano M, Sozmen EG, Dixit K, Suryawanshi RK, Matsui Y, Helmy E, Kaushal P, Makanani SK, Deerinck TJ, Meyer-Franke A, Rios Coronado PE, Trevino TN, Shin MG, Tognatta R, Liu Y, Schuck R, Le L, Miyajima H, Mendiola AS, Arun N, Guo B, Taha TY, Agrawal A, MacDonald E, Aries O, Yan A, Weaver O, Petersen MA, Meza Acevedo R, Alzamora MDPS, Thomas R, Traglia M, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF, Pico AR, Red-Horse K, Ellisman MH, Krogan NJ, Bouhaddou M, Ott M, Greene WC, Akassoglou K. Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19. Nature. 2024 Sep;633(8031):905-913.

Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Agelidis A, Koganti R, Ames JM, Koujah L, Yadavalli T, Madavaraju K, Shantz LM, Shukla D. mTORC2 confers neuroprotection and potentiates immunity during virus infection. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 14;12(1):6020.

Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Agelidis A, Koganti R, Yadavalli T, Ames JM, Borase H, Shukla D. Pathophysiology of reinfection by exogenous HSV-1 is driven by heparanase dysfunction. Sci Adv. 2023 Apr 28;9(17):eadf3977.

Suryawanshi RK, Jaishankar P, Correy GJ, Rachman MM, O'Leary PC, Taha TY, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, McCavittMalvido M, Doruk YU, Stevens MGV, Diolaiti ME, Jogalekar MP, Richards AL, Montano M, Rosecrans J, Matthay M, Togo T, Gonciarz RL, Gopalkrishnan S, Neitz RJ, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Shoichet BK, Ott M, Renslo AR, Ashworth A, Fraser JS. The Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase is a Therapeutic Target for SARS-CoV-2. eLife14:RP103484.

Suryawanshi R, Ott M. SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Oct;22(10):591-592.

Major Areas of Research
  • Acute and post-acute neuropathies of virus infections
  • Impact of genetics on disease severity
  • Host-virus interactions and its effect on antiviral immunity
  • Human brain and lung organoid models to study virus infection

Anti-(idio)typical: A New Immunogen to Vaccinate Against RSV

Going Straight to the Source in Defense Against Infant RSV

Study Reveals Best Timing for Getting the RSV Vaccine During Pregnancy to Protect Newborns

The Immunology and Safety of Maternal RSV Vaccination (ABRYSVO), Infant Nirsevimab (BEYFORTUS) Immunization, or Both Products

The objective of this study is To evaluate the magnitude and durability of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-specific neutralizing antibodies in infants through 12 months of life following either maternal RSV vaccination, infant nirsevimab administration, or both products combined.

Real-World Effectiveness of Perinatal RSV Immunoprophylaxis

The purpose of this study is to continue evaluating how well the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccines work as they are currently being used in routine clinical practice.

Contact Information

Office/Contact: Research Coordinator
Phone: 203-785-5474
 

Researchers Discover Antibody that Neutralizes both RSV and hMPV

Diagnostics Development Services

NIAID’s Diagnostics Development Services program offers reagents, platform testing, and planning and design support to accelerate product development of in vitro diagnostics (IVD) for infectious diseases, from research feasibility through clinical validation.

Study Finds Early RSV Infection Linked to Significantly Increased Risk of Asthma in Children

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Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Study Finds Early RSV Infection Linked to Significantly Increased Risk of Asthma in Children
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NIH Celebrates FDA Approval of RSV Vaccine for People 60 Years of Age and Older

Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine approved for use in the United States. The vaccine, Arexvy, is approved for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in individuals 60 years of age and older.

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