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Last Reviewed: August 12, 2021

Many people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have viral genetic material in the cells of their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and these individuals are more likely to experience memory and concentration problems, according to new data published online today in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. A study of 69 individuals on long-term ART found that nearly half of the participants had

Published: July 15, 2019

GVIRF 2021 Presentations Introduction to GVIRF (B. Fenton Hall, NIAID) Keynote Speakers Vaccinology in the context of pandemic preparedness: The COVID-19 experience (Anthony Fauci, NIAID) The lessons of COVID-19 for vaccine development (Bill Gates, BMGF) Innovating from research to impact at scale: the role of the Gavi Alliance (Anuradha Gupta, Gavi) Research for equity (Soumya Swaminathan, WHO)

Last Reviewed: April 21, 2022

In the 34 years since the first observance of World AIDS Day, transformational progress has been made in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, yet challenges remain. Today, we at the National Institutes of Health reflect on the 40 million lives lost to the disease and renew our commitment to the research necessary to end the global pandemic. Innovative research led to the highly effective HIV

Published: December 1, 2022

NIH Opening Statement Senate LHHS FY 2019 Hearing: Prepared statement of Lawrence A. Tabak, D.D.S., PH.D., Principal Deputy Director, Office of the Director

Last Reviewed: August 16, 2018

A large clinical trial to assess treatments for preventing people at high risk from developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has begun. The study is comparing the safety and efficacy of a new MDR-TB drug, delamanid, with the decades-old TB drug isoniazid for preventing active MDR-TB disease in children, adolescents and adults at high risk who are exposed to adult household members with

Published: June 25, 2019

Jordan Report: Accelerated Development of Vaccines (2012) from NIAID includes updates on vaccine research for specific infectious diseases.

Last Reviewed: December 31, 2012

Michele Di Mascio, Ph.D., is a Mathematical Biologist in the Biostatistics Research Branch at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Last Reviewed: February 27, 2023

Tae-Wook Chun, Ph.D., is the Chief of the HIV Immunovirology Section. Our research program focuses on 1) delineating the role of viral reservoirs in the pathogenesis of HIV disease; 2) examining host and viral factors that contribute to the maintenance of HIV reservoirs; and 3) developing therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving durable virologic control in infected individuals in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.

Last Reviewed: June 17, 2022

Vaccines that provide long-lasting protection against influenza, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have proved exceptionally difficult to develop. In a new review article in Cell Host & Microbe, researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH, explore the challenges and outline approaches to improved vaccines. Anthony S. Fauci

Published: January 11, 2023

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is focusing on preparing for a range of other viral threats that could cause a public health emergency, and according to NIAID’s new Pandemic Preparedness Plan, the institute will direct its preparedness efforts on two fronts.

Published: February 2, 2022

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has launched an early-stage clinical trial to evaluate an investigational preventative vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers and autoimmune diseases. The Phase 1 study, which will be conducted at

Published: May 6, 2022

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has launched an early-stage clinical trial evaluating an investigational vaccine to prevent infection with Nipah virus. The experimental vaccine is manufactured by Moderna, Inc., (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and was developed in collaboration with NIAID’s Vaccine Research Center. It is based

Published: July 11, 2022

We study persistence of viral reservoirs in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy; viral dynamics and immunologic control of HIV replication in infected individuals; development of therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving sustained virologic control in HIV-infected individuals in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.

Last Reviewed: October 7, 2022

H. Clifford Lane, M.D., is the Deputy Director of Clinical Research and Special Projects, the Director of the Division of Clinical Research Clinical Director of NIAID, and the Chief of the Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section. In the laboratory, Dr. Lane’s early work involved studies aimed at dissecting the normal immunoregulatory mechanisms that control the human immune response to specific antigen challenges. When the AIDS epidemic emerged, he became one of the first investigators to study immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV disease, ultimately making seminal observations that helped establish the field of HIV immunopathogenesis.

Last Reviewed: April 18, 2024

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has awarded approximately $36.3 million to three academic institutions to conduct research to develop vaccines to protect against multiple types of coronaviruses and viral variants. The awards are intended to fuel vaccine research for a diverse family of coronaviruses, with a primary focus

Published: September 28, 2021

The ever-changing “head” of an influenza virus protein has an unexpected Achilles heel, report scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), one of the National Institutes of Health. The team discovered and characterized the structure of a naturally occurring human antibody that recognizes and disrupts a portion of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein that the virus uses to enter and infect cells.

Last Reviewed: May 16, 2019

Paolo Lusso, M.D., Ph.D.. is the Chief of the Viral Pathogenesis Section (VPS). The main focus of VPS is to study the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS and devise innovative strategies for therapy and vaccine. A primary area of interest is the elucidation of the structure-function relationships within the HIV-1 envelope, with the aim of identifying conserved functional regions and elucidating the structural basis of immune evasion, one of the main obstacles to vaccine development.

Last Reviewed: August 15, 2022

NIH Strategic Plan and Research Agenda for Medical Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats

Last Reviewed: May 18, 2022

B cells in HIV pathogenesis B-cell responses to vaccination B cells in primary immunodeficiencies

Last Reviewed: May 20, 2022

This document provides a summary of the meeting regarding universal influenza vaccines hosted by NIAID and FDA.

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2019

Forward to Jordan Report: Accelerated Development of Vaccines (2012) from NIAID

Last Reviewed: August 6, 2019

When variants of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) emerged in late 2020, concern arose that they might elude protective immune responses generated by prior infection or vaccination, potentially making re-infection more likely or vaccination less effective. To investigate this possibility, researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the

Published: March 30, 2021

A clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of an investigational monoclonal antibody for treating people who are hospitalized with respiratory disease and low blood oxygen due to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has begun. The Phase 2 trial, called the COVID-19 anti-CD14 Treatment Trial (CaTT), is sponsored and funded by the National Institute of Allergy and

Published: April 13, 2021

The National Institutes of Health has started a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in which adult volunteers who have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 will receive booster doses of different COVID-19 vaccines to determine the safety and immunogenicity of mixed boosted regimens. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, is leading and funding the study through the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium, a clinical trials network that encompasses the Institute’s long-standing Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs).

Published: June 1, 2021